Recent Advances in the Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Corn By-Products
Ulises Ramírez-Esparza,
María Cristina Agustín-Chávez,
Emilio Ochoa-Reyes,
Sandra M. Alvarado-González,
Leticia X. López-Martínez,
Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés,
Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila,
Lilia Arely Prado-Barragán,
José Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa
Affiliations
Ulises Ramírez-Esparza
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico
María Cristina Agustín-Chávez
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico
Emilio Ochoa-Reyes
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico
Sandra M. Alvarado-González
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico
Leticia X. López-Martínez
CONAHCYT-CIAD, Research Center in Food and Development, Hermosillo 83301, Sonora, Mexico
Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés
Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Group, Department of Food Research, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila
School of Agronomy, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico
Lilia Arely Prado-Barragán
Solid Fermentations Pilot Plant, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
José Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico
Maize comes in a variety of colors, including white, yellow, red, blue, and purple, which is due to the presence of phytochemicals such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytosterols, and some hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. In Mexico, maize is primarily grown for human consumption; however, maize residues comprise 51–58% of the total maize plant weight (stalks, leaves, ears, and husks) and are mainly used as livestock feed. These residues contain numerous bioactive compounds that interest the industry for their potential health benefits in preventing or treating degenerative diseases. This review explores the current knowledge and highlights key aspects related to the extraction methods and different techniques for identifying the bioactive compounds found in maize by-products.
