Microsatellite diversity in the populations of Ukrainian local chicken breeds
Abstract
The article considers the questions about microsatellite diversity in the populations of Birkivska Barvista (line A), White Plymouth Rock (line G-2), Poltava clay (line 14) and Rhode Island Red (line 38) chicken breeds. Using the classical PCR method, populations polymorphism was studied for 14 microsatellite loci (LEI0094, LEI0166, LEI0192, ADL0268, ADL0278, MCW0034, MCW0081, MCW0104, MCW0123, MCW0330, MCW0245, MCW0257, MCW0282, MCW0288). For all microsatellite loci 66 alleles were detected. For the population of White Plymouth Rock chicken breed, the number of individual alleles in all the loci was 64; for Birkivska Barvista – 50; for Rhode Island Red – 50; for Poltava clay – 52. By the values of the polymorphism information content (PIC), the number of highly informative markers was ~ 45% of the total. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the biggest genetic differences were between the White Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red chicken breeds (65.9% of differences), the smallest were between White Plymouth Rock and Poltava clay chicken breeds (32.3%). Between lines 14 and 38 (the egg-meat direction of productivity), 35.9% of the differences were observed. By comparison of the population of Borkovskaya Barvistaya chicken breed (line A), the maximum differences were found with the Rhode Island Red (58.8%), while the G-2 and 14 lines showed similar differences (32.8 and 37.9%). According to Wright's F-statistics analysis, 19.5% of detected genetic variability was between populations that indicating a significant divergence of the experimental chicken lines. Among all studied loci, the average level of divergence (the value of Fst was within the range of 0.06–0.15) is characteristic for 29% of the total number of microsatellite markers; strongly expressed divergence (0.16–0.25) for 57% and very strong (> 0.25) for 14% (locus MCW0257 and MCW0288). By averaged values of Fis, negative values (excess of heterozygotes) were shown only for 3 from all studied loci. The average Fit value indicates a significant (27.5%) excess of homozygous individuals what indicates the high level of inbreeding in experimental chicken populations and reaches its maximum value in the MCW0245 and MCW0257 loci.
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