Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
Tolerance of soybean varieties with different geographical origin to diseases and pests
Abstract
According to the Russian Statistics the areas occupied with soybean have increased in 2.8 times for the last ten years. The geography of soybean growing has also enlarged for the period. The agricultural season of 2014-2015 showed that Russia ranked 8 in the world in the amount of areas with soybean [1]. Therewith, it’s necessary to develop varieties tolerant to pests and diseases even with decrease of chemical treatment of sowings. The article considers the results of screenings conducted in the years of 2013-2015. In 2013 300 varietal samples of soybean were tested. 99 varieties of them were selected according to the terms of ripening. In 2014 32 varieties were selected according to the height of attachment of a lower bean. The experiments with soybean were conducted on the fields of the Tula region. The results of phonological observations and the structural analysis of plant productivity were obtained. The chosen samples have been studied on the degree of damage with pests and diseases on the phones of their natural spread. There have been selected the slightly responsive samples of various geographical origin which can become valuable initial material in the breeding work as the sources of tolerance and resistance. The results of the study of the collection samples in the conditions of the Central part of Russia show the possibility to grow soybean and to obtain proper seeds, that contributes to import substitution of agricultural products.
