Identifying developmental changes in functional brain connectivity associated with cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD

Brian Pho; Ryan Andrew Stevenson; Sara Saljoughi; Yalda Mohsenzadeh; Bobby Stojanoski

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (Oct 2024)

Identifying developmental changes in functional brain connectivity associated with cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD

Brian Pho,
Ryan Andrew Stevenson,
Sara Saljoughi,
Yalda Mohsenzadeh,
Bobby Stojanoski

Affiliations

Brian Pho: Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Ryan Andrew Stevenson: Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Sara Saljoughi: Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
Yalda Mohsenzadeh: Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
Bobby Stojanoski: Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Correspondence to: Faculty of Social Science and Humanities Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 69
p. 101439

Abstract

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Youth diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often show deficits in various measures of higher-level cognition, such as, executive functioning. Poorer cognitive functioning in children with ADHD has been associated with differences in functional connectivity across the brain. However, little is known about the developmental changes to the brain’s functional properties linked to different cognitive abilities in this cohort. To characterize these changes, we analyzed fMRI data (ADHD = 373, NT = 106) collected while youth between the ages of 6 and 16 watched a short movie-clip. We applied machine learning models to identify patterns of network connectivity in response to movie-watching that differentially predict cognitive abilities in our cohort. Using out-of-sample cross validation, our models successfully predicted IQ, visual spatial, verbal comprehension, and fluid reasoning in children (ages 6 – 11), but not in adolescents with ADHD (ages 12–16). Connections with the default mode, memory retrieval, and dorsal attention were driving prediction during early and middle childhood, but connections with the somatomotor, cingulo-opercular, and frontoparietal networks were more important in middle childhood. This work demonstrated that machine learning approaches can identify distinct functional connectivity profiles associated with cognitive abilities at different developmental stages in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Published in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

ISSN: 1878-9293 (Print); 1878-9307 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science: Physiology: Neurophysiology and neuropsychology
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/developmental-cognitive-neuroscience/

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