Surgical management of locally advanced thyroid cancer (narrative review)

Abstract

A review of the literature on the problem of surgical treatment of local invasive thyroid cancer with damage to surrounding structures is presented. The comparative characteristics of various surgical tactics for the invasion of highly differentiated thyroid cancer into recurrent guttural nerves, larynx and trachea, esophagus have been performed. The advantage of intraoperative neuromonitoring was shown when deciding whether to retain the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the presence of invasion. The systems of staging of laryngotracheal invasion depending on the degree of its spread and surgical tactics used for each degree of laryngotracheal invasion are considered.

Keywords

• locally invasive thyroid cancer
• surgery
• invasion