Strong ground motion simulations of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes using corrected empirical Green’s functions: methods and results for ESG6 blind prediction Steps 2 and 3 with improved parameters

Abstract

Abstract This paper describes the methods and results of the strong ground motion simulations for three earthquakes from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence using corrected empirical Green’s functions. The target earthquakes were an aftershock (M w 5.5), the largest foreshock of the sequence (M w 6.1), and the mainshock (M w 7.1). The corrected empirical Green’s function method was used in the simulations. This simulation method combines simple source and path factors with empirical site amplification and phase factors to generate realistic site-specific strong motions. Simulations were originally conducted to participate in blind prediction exercises in ESG6. Although the simulations performed in this study were based on the models submitted to the blind prediction committee, several modifications were made after the blind prediction exercise. First, the observed records at the target site of the blind prediction called KUMA were used to compare observed and synthetic strong ground motions. In addition, a regional spectral inversion was conducted to obtain a more appropriate Q-value and site amplification factor. Synthetic strong motions were found to explain the observed strong ground motions at KUMA and other stations. Comparisons with predictions by other methods and the sensitivity to the rupture scenario were also discussed. These results provide useful information for applying the corrected Green’s function method to strong ground motion simulations. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence
• Strong ground motion simulation
• Corrected Green’s function method
• Spectral inversion
• Site amplification factor
• Blind prediction