Association between menstrual disorders and anti-Müllerian hormone with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has affected almost all communities throughout the world. It affects different systems in the body, which causes irreparable consequences. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 virus on menstrual disorders, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin levels in women with COVID-19 disease. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 201 women (101 healthy, and 100 women with COVID-19) in Nomadic hospital, Khorramabad, Iran from February-October 2021. After recovery from COVID-19, participants were interviewed about their menstrual cycle in their 1st and 4th months. Blood samples were collected during 1st and 4th months, and AMH, TSH, TPO, and prolactin levels were assessed. Results: No significant differences were observed in the 1st and 4th months regarding menstrual disorders, TPO, and prolactin levels in the patient group (p > 0.05). The mean level of AMH in the healthy group was higher than the patient group in both times (p < 0.001). A relationship between TSH and COVID-19 was observed in the 1st month (p < 0.001); however, no significant relationship was observed in the 4th month, in this regard. Conclusion: Endocrine dysfunction in the form of low AMH and high TSH were common among COVID-19 patients. Due to the importance of menstrual and hormonal disorders, especially AMH and TSH, and their association with COVID-19, health policymakers should find appropriate solutions to reduce complications.

Keywords

• COVID-19, AMH, TSH, TPO, Prolactin, Menstrual disorders.