Sleep Bruxism in Adults: A Comprehensive Review of Enduring but Evolving Issues for Clinicians

Abstract

This review delves into the complex facets of sleep bruxism (SB), concentrating on its diagnosis, epidemiology, orofacial consequences, comorbidities including sleep disorders, and management strategies. Diverse studies have highlighted the difficulties associated with accurately diagnosing SB, the shifting perceptions surrounding it, variations in prevalence based on age and SB definitions, insights obtained from polysomnography, current knowledge on orofacial impact, and approaches to management. Notably, the association between SB and sleep disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea, and its possible physiological roles are examined. This review underscores the necessity of a balanced appreciation for SB, accentuating the need for comprehensive evaluations and tailored management strategies. It emphasizes the continual reshaping of SB concepts and the critical need for further research to differentiate between physiological and pathological manifestations of SB, with the goal of optimizing treatment methods.

Keywords

• sleep bruxism
• polysomnography
• sleep disorders