Ribosomal profiling of human endogenous retroviruses in healthy tissues

Abstract

Abstract Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the germline embedded proviral fragments of ancient retroviral infections that make up roughly 8% of the human genome. Our understanding of HERVs in physiology primarily surrounds their non-coding functions, while their protein coding capacity remains virtually uncharacterized. Therefore, we applied the bioinformatic pipeline “hervQuant” to high-resolution ribosomal profiling of healthy tissues to provide a comprehensive overview of translationally active HERVs. We find that HERVs account for 0.1–0.4% of all translation in distinct tissue-specific profiles. Collectively, our study further supports claims that HERVs are actively translated throughout healthy tissues to provide sequences of retroviral origin to the human proteome.

Keywords

• Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)
• Ribosomal profiling (RiboSeq)
• Protein translation
• Dark genome
• Endoretrotranslatome (ERT)