Evaluation of IL-35, as a Possible Biomarker for Follow-Up after Therapy, in Chronic Human <i>Schistosoma</i> Infection
Nadia Marascio,
Maria Teresa Loria,
Grazia Pavia,
Cinzia Peronace,
Neill James Adams,
Morena Campolo,
Francesca Divenuto,
Angelo Giuseppe Lamberti,
Aida Giancotti,
Giorgio Settimo Barreca,
Maria Mazzitelli,
Enrico Maria Trecarichi,
Carlo Torti,
Francesca Perandin,
Zeno Bisoffi,
Angela Quirino,
Giovanni Matera
Affiliations
Nadia Marascio
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Maria Teresa Loria
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Grazia Pavia
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Cinzia Peronace
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Neill James Adams
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Morena Campolo
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Francesca Divenuto
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Angelo Giuseppe Lamberti
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Aida Giancotti
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Giorgio Settimo Barreca
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Maria Mazzitelli
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
Enrico Maria Trecarichi
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Carlo Torti
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Francesca Perandin
Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy
Zeno Bisoffi
Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy
Angela Quirino
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Giovanni Matera
Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
The host response to helminth infections is characterized by systemic and tissue-related immune responses that play a crucial role in pathological diseases. Recently, experimental studies have highlighted the role of regulatory T (Tregs) and B (Bregs) cells with secreted cytokines as important markers in anti-schistosomiasis immunity. We investigated the serical levels of five cytokines (TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-35) in pre- and post-treatment samples from chronic Schistosoma infected patients to identify potential serological markers during follow-up therapy. Interestingly, we highlighted an increased serum level of IL-35 in the pre-therapy samples (median 439 pg/mL for Schistosoma haematobium and 100.5 pg/mL for Schistsoma mansoni infected patients) compared to a control group (median 62 pg/mL and 58 pg/mL, respectively, p ≤ 0.05), and a significantly lower concentration in post-therapy samples (181 pg/mL for S. haematobium and 49.5 pg/mL for S. mansoni infected patients, p ≤ 0.05). The present study suggests the possible role of IL-35 as a novel serological biomarker in the evaluation of Schistosoma therapy follow-up.
