Clinical analysis of anti⁃leucine⁃rich glioma⁃inactivated 1 antibody⁃related encephalitis

Abstract

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of anti⁃leucine⁃rich glioma⁃inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody⁃related encephalitis. Methods and Results Clinical data of 6 patients with anti⁃LGI1 antibody⁃related encephalitis from September 2016 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations of 6 cases were lognition disorders in 6 cases, seizures in 4 cases, behavioral changes in 3 cases, sleep disorders in 5 cases and autonomic nervous system abnormality in 3 cases. Hyponatremia (4 cases) could be presented. Abnormal EEG (4 cases) was often seen. Brain MRI showed abnormal signals in 3 cases, mainly involved hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) was used to detect anti⁃LGI1 antibody. Four cases were positive in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, while 6 cases only in serum and 4 cases only in cerebrospinal fluid. The follow⁃up results of 6 to 24 months afterintravenous hormone orimmunoglobulin therapies showed no one died; the sequelae were memory deficit in 3 cases, faciobrachial dystonic seizures in one case, hyponatremia in 2 cases, sleep disorders in one case. Conclusions Anti⁃LGI1 antibody⁃related encephalitis is often characterized by cognitive impairment, seizures, sleep disorders and hyponatremia. Immunotherapy is effective, which has good prognosis comparatively. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.09.009

Keywords

• encephalitis
• immune system diseases
• cognition disorders
• sleep disorders
• immunotherapy