Frontiers in Immunology (Jun 2024)

Prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 blood markers in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Ningning Zhang,
  • Jianlan Chang,
  • Ping Liu,
  • Xiangyang Tian,
  • Junyan Yu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400262
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15

Abstract

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BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, but the response rate remains low. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood, including soluble form (sPD-L1), expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs PD-L1) and exosomes (exoPD-L1), are minimally invasive and promising markers for patient selection and management, but their prognostic significance remains inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis for the prognostic value of PD-L1 blood markers in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.MethodsEligible studies were obtained by searching PubMed, EMBAS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library prior to November 30, 2023. The associations between pre-treatment, post-treatment and dynamic changes of blood PD-L1 levels and progression-free survival (PFS)/over survival (OS) were analyzed by estimating hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 26 studies comprising 1606 patients were included. High pre- or post-treatment sPD-L1 levels were significantly associated with worse PFS (pre-treatment: HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.13–1.95; post-treatment: HR=2.09, 95%CI 1.40–3.12) and OS (pre-treatment: HR=1.83, 95%CI 1.25–2.67; post-treatment: HR=2.60, 95%CI 1.09–6.20, P=0.032). High pre-treatment exoPD-L1 levels predicted a worse PFS (HR=4.24, 95%CI 2.82–6.38, P<0.001). Pre-treatment PD-L1+ CTCs tended to be correlated with prolonged PFS (HR=0.63, 95%CI 0.39–1.02) and OS (HR=0.58, 95%CI 0.36–0.93). Patients with up-regulated exoPD-L1 levels, but not sPD-L1, after ICIs treatment had significantly favorable PFS (HR=0.36, 95%CI 0.23–0.55) and OS (HR=0.24, 95%CI 0.08–0.68).ConclusionPD-L1 blood markers, including sPD-L1, CTCs PD-L1 and exoPD-L1, can effectively predict prognosis, and may be potentially utilized for patient selection and treatment management for NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.

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