Low temperature nitriding behavior in annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel

Abstract

Low-temperature gaseous nitriding response of annealed 2205 stainless steel was investigated through a series of nitriding treatments at different temperatures in the range 380–430°C for 25 h. Reflected light microscopy, X-ray diffraction and hardness indentation were utilized to investigate the dependence of the formation of nitrides and cracks on pre annealing temperatures and subsequent nitriding parameters. For most annealing and nitriding conditions applied, the surface adjacent region of the steels was transformed into expanded austenite, or a mixture of expanded austenite and expanded ferrite, supplemented by the presence of iron-based nitrides. Nitriding at a relatively low temperature at a gentle nitriding potential was found to be acceptable as it resulted in a sound nitrided case, where neither chromium nitrides nor cracks developed. Annealing at a relatively low temperature can improve the threshold of nitriding temperature up to 400°C without cracking, while annealing at a high temperature promotes the formation of nitrides.

Keywords

• Duplex stainless steel
• Low-temperature gaseous nitriding
• Annealing
• Nitriding response