Establishment of green graphite industry: Graphite from biomass and its various applications
Ziyi Shi,
Shule Wang,
Yanghao Jin,
Lingfeng Zhao,
Shiwei Chen,
Hanmin Yang,
Yuxiao Cui,
Rikard Svanberg,
Chuchu Tang,
Jianchun Jiang,
Weihong Yang,
Pär G. Jönsson,
Tong Han
Affiliations
Ziyi Shi
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Shule Wang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Yanghao Jin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Lingfeng Zhao
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Shiwei Chen
University of Michigan‐Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
Hanmin Yang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Yuxiao Cui
Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Rikard Svanberg
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Chuchu Tang
Faculty of Creative Arts University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
Jianchun Jiang
Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
Weihong Yang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Pär G. Jönsson
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Tong Han
Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
Abstract Resource‐ and energy‐efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies for satisfying graphite demand while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study investigated green graphite production from biomass waste and its applications to establish a green graphite industry. Biomass pyrolysis and catalytic graphitization of biochar were studied first to produce green graphite. The optimized green graphite exhibited a reversible capacity of 264 mA h/g and 97% capacity retention over 100 cycles in a half‐cell. Green graphite electrodes with a resistivity lower than 5 μΩ m were fabricated by using organic fraction bio‐oil as a green binder. Other green graphite applications, including printing, conductive printing, pencils, and refractories, were also achieved. The overall process of graphite anode and electrode synthesis from biomass waste and short‐rotation energy crops was modeled. Approx. 95 kg of battery graphite or 109 kg of metallurgical graphite electrodes can be produced per ton of biomass with low primary energy consumption and carbon footprint. Prominently, the modeling result and life cycle assessment demonstrated that, for the production of battery graphite from biomass waste, net‐negative‐CO2 emissions (−0.57 kg CO2‐eq/kg graphite powders) with net‐negative‐primary energy consumption (−28.31 MJ/kg graphite powders) was achieved.
