LC-YOLO: A Lightweight Model with Efficient Utilization of Limited Detail Features for Small Object Detection

Abstract

The limited computing resources on edge devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) mean that lightweight object detection algorithms based on convolution neural networks require significant development. However, lightweight models are challenged by small targets with few available features. In this paper, we propose an LC-YOLO model that uses detailed information about small targets in each layer to improve detection performance. The model is improved from the one-stage detector, and contains two optimization modules: Laplace Bottleneck (LB) and Cross-Layer Attention Upsampling (CLAU). The LB module is proposed to enhance shallow features by integrating prior information into the convolutional neural network and maximizing knowledge sharing within the network. CLAU is designed for the pixel-level fusion of deep features and shallow features. Under the combined action of these two modules, the LC-YOLO model achieves better detection performance on the small object detection task. The LC-YOLO model with a parameter quantity of 7.30M achieves an mAP of 94.96% on the remote sensing dataset UCAS-AOD, surpassing the YOLOv5l model with a parameter quantity of 46.61M. The tiny version of LC-YOLO with 1.83M parameters achieves 94.17% mAP, which is close to YOLOv5l. Therefore, the LC-YOLO model can replace many heavyweight networks to complete the small target high-precision detection task under limited computing resources, as in the case of mobile edge-end chips such as UAV onboard chips.

Keywords

• small object detection
• lightweight network
• feature extraction
• attention mechanism
• feature fusion