Design and technological scheme of a multifunctional seeding unit

Abstract

Currently, the vast majority of agricultural producers in the Southern Federal District with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares cultivate three main crops, namely grain ears, usually winter wheat, and row crops – corn for grain and sunflower. Grain ear crops are sown in the usual ordinary way, and row crops use the dotted method. These key agrotechnological features lead to the need to use different sowing machines equipped with different types of sowing units. Since the vast majority of agricultural producers of the Southern Federal district with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares do not use monoculture in the structure of crops, this leads to a low annual load of these seeders. This is through deductions for depreciation, maintenance service and repairs inevitably affect the final cost of production. It should also be noted that often, due to the high cost of sowing machines, small agricultural producers are not able to purchase the required agricultural machinery, in addition, this is most often not economically feasible. The use of hired units does not allow sowing in the specified agrotechnical terms, which significantly reduces their productivity and quality parameters. The use of specialized seeders leads to an increase in metal consumption and multi-marking on the farm. This problem can be solved by using a multifunctional seeding machine (MSU). This will make it possible to abandon the use of specialized seeders and perform sowing of grain and row crops with the same machine by carrying out conversion for a specific crop. We have de-scribed the design scheme of the MSU and the principle of its operation. The technical result of the development is also presented and the way to achieve is described.