Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, induces phagocytic activity in Greek COPD patients

Abstract

Konstantinos Porpodis,1 Kalliopi Domvri,1 Paul Zarogoulidis,1 Dimitrios Petridis,2 Katerina Tsirgogianni,1 Antonis Papaioannou,1 Olga Hatzizisi,3 Ioannis Kioumis,1 Alexandra Liaka,3 Violeta Kikidaki,3 Sofia Lampaki,1 John Organtzis,1 Konstantinos Zarogoulidis1 1Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, 3Pulmonary Department, Immunology and Histocompatibility Laboratory, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Background: A new approach to the treatment of COPD includes controlling inflammation because of its important role in exacerbation of the disease. Recently, roflumilast has been added as a therapeutic option for COPD. Roflumilast is an oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor that targets inflammatory cells involved in triggering exacerbations of COPD. The objective of the current study was to evaluate roflumilast for its contribution to phagocytic activity in COPD patients.Methods: Twenty-one patients diagnosed with COPD received roflumilast once daily for 6 months in combination with fluticasone (an inhaled corticosteroid), salmeterol (a long-acting β2-agonist), and tiotropium (a long-acting muscarinic antagonist) or combinations of these agents. The main inclusion criterion was stable disease for at least the previous 30 days. Neutrophils and spirometric changes, ie, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), were measured in the COPD patients at indicated time points. The first sample was taken before receiving roflumilast, the second 3 months later, and the third after 6 months. Examination of defective phagocytosis was done by flow cytometry using a FagoFlowEx® kit. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistica software. Results: Our results indicate that phagocytic activity was increased after 3 and 6 months of treatment when compared with baseline (P<0.001). Similarly, FVC and FEV1 were also increased during the 6-month period, but only FVC differed significantly from baseline (P<0.001).Conclusion: Although the number of patients in this study was limited, our results indicate that roflumilast induces phagocytic activity, which improves lung function. Keywords: COPD, roflumilast, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors