Emerging Infectious Diseases (Jun 2020)

Genomic Epidemiology of 2015–2016 Zika Virus Outbreak in Cape Verde

  • Oumar Faye,
  • Maria de Lourdes Monteiro,
  • Bram Vrancken,
  • Matthieu Prot,
  • Sebastian Lequime,
  • Maryam Diarra,
  • Oumar Ndiaye,
  • Tomas Valdez,
  • Sandra Tavarez,
  • Jessica Ramos,
  • Silvânia da Veiga Leal,
  • Cecilio Pires,
  • Antonio Moreira,
  • Maria Filomena Tavares,
  • Linete Fernandes,
  • Jorge Noel Barreto,
  • Maria do Céu Teixeira,
  • Maria da Luz de Lima Mendonça,
  • Carolina Cardoso da Silva Leite Gomes,
  • Mariano Salazar Castellon,
  • Laurence Ma,
  • Frédéric Lemoine,
  • Fabiana Gámbaro-Roglia,
  • Déborah Delaune,
  • Gamou Fall,
  • Ibrahima Socé Fall,
  • Mamadou Diop,
  • Anavaj Sakuntabhai,
  • Cheikh Loucoubar,
  • Philippe Lemey,
  • Edward C. Holmes,
  • Ousmane Faye,
  • Amadou Alpha Sall,
  • Etienne Simon-Loriere

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.190928
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 26, no. 6
pp. 1084 – 1090

Abstract

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During 2015–2016, Cape Verde, an island nation off the coast of West Africa, experienced a Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak involving 7,580 suspected Zika cases and 18 microcephaly cases. Analysis of the complete genomes of 3 ZIKV isolates from the outbreak indicated the strain was of the Asian (not African) lineage. The Cape Verde ZIKV sequences formed a distinct monophylogenetic group and possessed 1–2 (T659A, I756V) unique amino acid changes in the envelope protein. Phylogeographic and serologic evidence support earlier introduction of this lineage into Cape Verde, possibly from northeast Brazil, between June 2014 and August 2015, suggesting cryptic circulation of the virus before the initial wave of cases were detected in October 2015. These findings underscore the utility of genomic-scale epidemiology for outbreak investigations.

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