Russian Language Studies (Dec 2017)
MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE: VERBAL EXEMPLIFICATION OF TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PREFERENCES
Abstract
The article proposes a comparative analysis of language constructs representing the framework of speech strategies and tactics, the totality of which determines the arrangement of political communication in different lingual cultures. The relevance of the article is determined by the very object of research. The political field, being an integral part of the ethnic culture in any society, represents a complex conglomerate of ideas, where the goals and interests of the state and its elite groups are indicated. Evolving on the basis of linguistic material accumulated by society, the policy is implemented primarily in the process of verbal interaction which aims at forming a certain picture of the world in the society. Accordingly, a person’s linguistic activity in the sphere of politics is an acquisition, exercise and preservation of political power mediated in signs.In this regard, the entire formal organization of political discourse is subject to the need for an effective implementation of the impact function, which is instrumented by a variety of communication strategies and tactics. Intentional “message” of political discursive practice inevitably changes in the act of individual language situation. Therefore, the most “significant” figures of political interaction (in our case, the heads of foreign affairs agencies) are of scientific interest, as they largely determine the ideological position of various social groups. Accordingly, the feature characteristics of their speeches can be regarded as the dominant characteristics of national political practice and considered as basis for creating a typed communicative portrait of a political figure. Moreover, the derivative meanings generated as a result of the use of certain speech strategies and tactics by political actors, on the basis of semantic-semiotic associations, develop further and gradually pass into adjacent discursive fields establishing new semantic links. The highly complicated language (text/discursive) units structured in this way are characterized not only by the high expressive and emotional potential and the “multi-layered” semantic “message”, but also by some typification, which causes their wide distribution in the acts of political communication. Thus, the political logosphere is not so much a product of society activity as its modifier. Penetrating all layers of universal logosphere, it actively forms the speech practice of the subjects included in it, their hierarchical structure as well as the linguistic ethnic universe as a whole.
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