Donated Blood Screening for HIV, HCV and HBV by ID-NAT and the Residual Risk of Iatrogenic Transmission in a Tertiary Care Hospital Blood Bank in Puebla, Mexico
Francisca Sosa-Jurado,
Roxana Palencia-Lara,
Cinthia Xicoténcatl-Grijalva,
Maribel Bernal-Soto,
Álvaro Montiel-Jarquin,
Yolanda Ibarra-Pichardo,
Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta,
Rosalia Lira,
Paulina Cortes-Hernandez,
Gerardo Santos-López
Affiliations
Francisca Sosa-Jurado
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla 74360, CP, Mexico
Roxana Palencia-Lara
Banco de Sangre, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico
Cinthia Xicoténcatl-Grijalva
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla 74360, CP, Mexico
Maribel Bernal-Soto
Banco de Sangre, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico
Álvaro Montiel-Jarquin
Coordinación Clínica de Investigación y Enseñanza en Salud, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico
Yolanda Ibarra-Pichardo
Banco de Sangre, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico
Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta
Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla 72570, CP, Mexico
Rosalia Lira
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, MX, Mexico
Paulina Cortes-Hernandez
Laboratorio de Metadinámica y Salud de Poblaciones, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec 74360, MX, Mexico
Gerardo Santos-López
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla 74360, CP, Mexico
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Most transmission occurs during the acute viremic phase (AVP), before antibody development. To reduce transmission risk, individual donor nucleic acid testing (ID-NAT) is used. In Puebla, Mexico, serological tests and ID-NAT have been applied to screen blood donors and detect individuals in AVP. In the present study, 106,125 blood donors’ data in two periods (2012–2015 and 2017–2019) were analyzed. The residual risk (RR) values were calculated considering ID-NAT results. The RR for HIV was 14 in 1 million donations or 1 in 71,428, the RR for HVC was 6.8 in 1 million donations or 1 in 147,058 and, for HBV, it was 156 in 1 million donations, or 1 in 6410. Previously, it was predicted that the transmission RR of these viruses would be reduced in Mexico through better screening with NAT. The use of ID-NAT has, indeed, increased the safety of blood reserves for HIV and HCV. However, more research is needed to determine why the residual risk of HBV did not decrease as much over the study period. ID-NAT is an important complementary tool for blood donor screening that should be implemented.
