Fluoridated Water-Induced Osteomalacia in the Population of Mirpurkhas

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and impact of fluoridated water consumption on osteomalacia in the population of Mirpurkhas, focusing on understanding the relationship between fluoride levels in water sources and the incidence of osteomalacia. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences from 2021 to 2022. The primary goal was to comprehend the connection between fluoride levels in water sources and the prevalence of osteomalacia while also pinpointing potential risk factors and preventive strategies for addressing this health concern. RESULTS: Examined 380 participants, with 44.7% reporting cases of osteomalacia. Age exhibited a significant association with osteomalacia, as affected individuals had an average age of 63.4 years, in contrast to 45.7 years for those without osteomalacia. The incidence of osteomalacia showed a positive correlation with fluoride levels (correlation coefficient = 0.78, p < 0.001). Increased risk factors of osteomalacia included insufficient dietary calcium intake (38.1%), a family history of the condition (52.1%), and low levels of vitamin D (44.7%). The average fluoride concentration in water sources was 2.45 ppm. These results imply that age, fluoride levels, and specific risk factors are significant contributors to the development of osteomalacia. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that age, sex, economic situation, and place of living play essential roles in affecting the occurrence of osteomalacia in this community. It's worth mentioning that people in the middle age group (41-60 years) seem to face an increased risk, as do males, individuals with limited economic resources.

Keywords

• fluoridated water
• osteomalacia