Risk stratification using the 2021 IDF-DAR risk calculator and fasting experience of Bangladeshi subjects with type 2 diabetes in Ramadan: The DAR-BAN study

Abstract

Aims: To risk-stratify patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to the IDF-DAR 2021 guidelines and observe their responsiveness to risk-category-based recommendations and fasting experience. Methods: This prospective study, conducted in the peri-Ramadan period of 2022, evaluated adults with T2DM and categorized them using the IDF-DAR 2021 risk stratification tool. Recommendations for fasting according to the risk categories were made, their intention to fast was recorded, and follow-up data were collected within one month of the end of Ramadan. Results: Among 1328 participants (age 51.1 ± 11.9 years, female 61.1 %), only 29.6 % had pre-Ramadan HbA1c < 7.5 %. According to the IDF-DAR risk category, the frequencies of participants in the low-risk (should be able to fast), moderate-risk (not to fast), and high-risk (should not fast) groups were 44.2 %, 45.7 %, and 10.1 %, respectively. Most (95.5 %) intended to fast, and 71 % fasted the full 30 days of Ramadan. The overall frequencies of hypoglycemia (3.5 %) and hyperglycemia (2.0 %) were low. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia risks were 3.74-fold and 3.86-fold higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Conclusion: The new IDF-DAR risk scoring system seems conservative in the risk categorization of T2DM patients in terms of fasting complications.

Keywords

• IDF-DAR risk calculator
• T2DM
• Ramadan fasting
• Fasting complications
• Hypoglycemia