Analysis of surface morphology and elemental composition on zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy – An In vitro study

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization. Materials and Methods: Ten zirconia implants (white sky implant system– Bredent Company) five each in the study group and control group was taken. Study group samples were treated with ultraviolet light for 48 h. Microstructured surface of the study and control group blanks at abutment and thread regions were documented by Scanning Electron Microscope The semi-quantitative element composition was analyzed using Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum. Results: SEM images of the study and control group divulged a varied array of topographical configuration of the abutment area and thread region at different magnifications. At low magnification, both study and control group revealed plain compact surface and wavy porous area, whereas higher magnification showed dense grainy regions of various sizes and intensities disrupted by pores. EDX spectrum analysis for elemental composition showed increased oxygen concentration in the study group (42.8%) than the control group (29.09%), whereas carbon concentration was lower in photofunctionalized group (34.34%) than in the control group (45.41%). Conclusion: In zirconia implants, photofunctionalization is a viable method to effectively enhance the surface topography and hydrophilicity of bone-implant interface.

Keywords

• elemental composition
• energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
• photofunctionalization
• scanning electron microscope
• surface treatment