In vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of stinky beans (Parkia Speciosa): a systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a disorder, if left untreated leads to various complications affecting the quality of life. Management of blood glucose level is a pressing priority to prevent further complications. Stinky beans (Parkia speciosa) is one such plant that are traditionally used in Southeast Asian countries in treating various diseases including diabetes mellitus. It is low in carbohydrates, rich in protein, and other vital vitamins, minerals and essential compounds necessary for maintaining health. This study aims to review the scientific evidences of anti-diabetic activity of stinky beans using in vivo and in vitro studies and provide data for future research. An extensive search was done using PUBMED, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), and Google Scholar. The search yielded 884 studies, out of which 10 studies met our inclusion criteria after screening. Quality assessment was done using risk of bias assessment Quin Tool method for in vitro studies and risk of bias for in vivo studies according to SYRCLE’s RoBTool. The study included the seeds, empty pods, rinds, leaf and peel strips of stinky beans which exhibited anti-diabetic activity. These beneficial effects may be influenced by the presence of bioactive compounds and compounds like β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, stigmas-4-en-3-one that are hypoglycaemic agents. The seeds appear to be the most effective when compared to other parts of the plant. However, depending on the extract used, the dosage of treatment and the assay used, the spectrum of the effect also differs. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Parkia speciose
• Anti-diabetic
• β-stigmasterol
• Stigmast-4-en-3-one
• Diabetes mellitus
• Stinky beans