Scientific Reports (Dec 2023)

Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among Iranian older adults: a cross-sectional study

  • Maryam Mirahmad,
  • Asieh Mansour,
  • Mitra Moodi,
  • Elaheh Safkhani,
  • Vahid Haghpanah,
  • Pooria Asili,
  • Hossein Fakhrzadeh,
  • Moloud Payab,
  • Mahbube Ebrahimpur,
  • Masoumeh Khorashadi,
  • Huriye Khodabakhshi,
  • Ali Akbar Esmaeili,
  • Gholamreza Sharifzadeh,
  • Asghar Zarban,
  • Farshad Sharifi,
  • Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49085-2
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 1
pp. 1 – 6

Abstract

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Abstract There is limited data on the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the older population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among a sample of Iranian older adults. A cross-sectional analysis of older adults who aged 60 years and over was conducted. A total of 363 subjects were randomly selected from Birjand longitudinal aging study (BLAS) cohort study. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, total thyroxine (T4) and total triiodothyronine (T3) were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Based on thyroid function tests and history of taking medicines used to treat thyroid disorders, participants were classified into the following groups: euthyroid, overt/subclinical hypothyroidism, and overt/subclinical hyperthyroidism. Subsequently, the crude and World Health Organization (WHO) age-standardized prevalence were estimated for different thyroid function categories. A total of 171 men and 192 women, aged 60–94 years, were randomly selected. The crude prevalence of total hypothyroidism was 22.31% (subclinical [18.46%], overt [3.86%]), and that of hyperthyroidism was 1.66% (subclinical [1.38%], overt [0.28%]). The crude prevalence of total thyroid dysfunction was, therefore, 23.97%. A female preponderance was noticed in both total (P-value = 0.035) and overt (P-value = 0.035) hypothyroidism. An increasing trend with age was noticed in the prevalence of total hypothyroidism (P-value = 0.049). Age-standardized prevalence of total hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 26.63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.58–33.69%) and 1.11% (95% CI 0.49–2.51%), respectively. A considerable proportion of our study population demonstrated evidence of thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism. Our findings highlight the importance of further investigation of thyroid disorders among older Iranian adults.