Dynamics of Diversity and Abundance of Sulfonamide Resistant Bacteria in a Silt Loam Soil Fertilized by Compost
Hui Han,
Mohan Bai,
Yanting Chen,
Yali Gong,
Ming Wu,
Hefa Yang,
Qing Chen,
Ting Xu,
Yuquan Wei,
Guochun Ding,
Ji Li
Affiliations
Hui Han
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Mohan Bai
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Yanting Chen
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Yali Gong
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Ming Wu
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Hefa Yang
Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Quzhou 057250, China
Qing Chen
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Ting Xu
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Yuquan Wei
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Guochun Ding
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Ji Li
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
Although composting is effective in deactivating antibiotic substances in manure, the influence of compost fertilization on the occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in arable soils remains to be controversial. Herein, the abundance and diversity of two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in soil fertilized by compost spiked with two concentrations of sulfadiazine (1 and 10 mg kg−1) were studied intensively by qPCR and high throughput sequencing based on a two-month microcosm experiment. The concentration of sulfadiazine decreased rapidly after spiking from 25% at Day 1 to less than 2.7% at Day 60. Relative abundance of both sul1 and sul2 were significantly higher in soil amended with compost than the non-amended control at Day 1 and slightly decreased with incubation time except for sul2 in the S10 treatment. Soil bacterial communities were transiently shifted by compost fertilization regardless of the presence of sulfadiazine. Relative abundance of genera in three hubs positively interlinked with sul1 and sul2 were significantly higher in compost treated soil than the control at Day 1, 7 and 21, but not at Day 60. High throughput sequencing analyses revealed that most detected (>67% in relative abundance) sul1 and sul2 genotypes sharing >99% similarity with those found in gammaproteobacterial pathogens frequently were commonly present in compost and soil. These results indicated that compost fertilization might increase the abundance rather than diversity of sulfadiazine-resistant populations in soil, which may be facilitated by the presence of sulfadiazine.
