Case Report: A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Female with Cerebral Vasculitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Abstract

Cerebral vasculitis is a rare but severe complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), presenting significant challenges in management due to its potential for devastating neurological consequences and poor prognosis. We present a case of an 18-year-old female with known SLE who presented with seizures, declining cognitive function, and unresponsiveness. Neurological examination, laboratory investigations, and radiological imaging supported the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis secondary to SLE. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the patient’s neurological status continued to deteriorate, leading to respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunction. Ultimately, the patient succumbed to multiorgan failure attributed to severe CNS vasculitis and its complications. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and aggressive management of cerebral vasculitis in SLE while highlighting the need for further research into more effective therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords

• treatment challenges
• multiorgan failure
• immunological dysfunction
• neurological complications
• systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• cerebral vasculitis
• eng