Revisiting rhombic flaps for aesthetic facial resurfacing: Addressing a surgical conundrum

Abstract

Background: Facial resurfacing is a surgical and aesthetic challenge, as it requires soft, pliable, and stretchable donor skin with a good match of color, texture, and thickness and minimum donor scarring. Rhombic flap is a highly versatile flap that has the aforementioned properties. Careful flap planning and execution is vital for successful outcomes. Aims: The aim of this work was to study the geometry of the classic rhombic flaps; to evaluate their versatility and technical finesse as well as their application to resurface defects over various regions of the face. Materials and Methods: Overall, 42 patients with facial scars due to trauma, malignancies, small nevi, and mature scars of the face were studied and operated on. Of the four rhombic flaps that were possible, choosing the best option required careful attention to camouflage of scar and proximity to vital deformable anatomical structures. Geometrical planning of the flap was the essence of the entire surgical exercise. Results: Outcome of rhombic flaps were meticulously and critically analyzed. The study consisted of 36 females (85.71%) and only 6 males with a mean age of 23 years. Defects were created on 27 mature scars (64.29%) and 11 burn scars (26.19%). Defects over the cheek and lateral canthus of the eye were especially problematic. It is a safe flap with excellent results as far as visible scarring and traction deformities are concerned. Scars elsewhere on the face fared better than on the bony prominence. Conclusion and Significance: Rhombic flaps offer an excellent alternative to resurface facial scars and defects in a selected subset of patients.

Keywords

• facial resurfacing
• facial scars
• geometry rhombus
• lines of maximum extensibility
• rhombic flaps