Strategies Tackling Viral Replication and Inflammatory Pathways as Early Pharmacological Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Any Potential Role for Ketoprofen Lysine Salt?
Domenica Francesca Mariniello,
Valentino Allocca,
Vito D’Agnano,
Riccardo Villaro,
Luigi Lanata,
Michela Bagnasco,
Luigi Aronne,
Andrea Bianco,
Fabio Perrotta
Affiliations
Domenica Francesca Mariniello
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Valentino Allocca
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Vito D’Agnano
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Riccardo Villaro
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Luigi Lanata
Medical Deptartment, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, 20122 Milan, Italy
Michela Bagnasco
Medical Deptartment, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, 20122 Milan, Italy
Luigi Aronne
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Andrea Bianco
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Fabio Perrotta
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
COVID-19 is an infective disease resulting in widespread respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms prompted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptors prompts activation of pro-inflammatory pathways which are involved in epithelial and endothelial damage mechanisms even after viral clearance. Since inflammation has been recognized as a critical step in COVID-19, anti-inflammatory therapies, including both steroids and non-steroids as well as cytokine inhibitors, have been proposed. Early treatment of COVID-19 has the potential to affect the clinical course of the disease regardless of underlying comorbid conditions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are widely used for symptomatic relief of upper airway infections, became the mainstay of early phase treatment of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the current evidence for using NSAIDs in early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with focus on ketoprofen lysine salt based on its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features.
