Study on joint effects of modal dispersion, mode-dependent loss and noise by unified density-matrix formalism

Zhenshan Yang; Xiaoxiao Liu; Xia Zhang; Xiaoguang Zhang; Yao Guo; Xinran Zhu; Hefu Li; Chenglin Bai

Results in Physics (Jun 2024)

Study on joint effects of modal dispersion, mode-dependent loss and noise by unified density-matrix formalism

Zhenshan Yang,
Xiaoxiao Liu,
Xia Zhang,
Xiaoguang Zhang,
Yao Guo,
Xinran Zhu,
Hefu Li,
Chenglin Bai

Affiliations

Zhenshan Yang: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China; Corresponding authors.
Xiaoxiao Liu: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
Xia Zhang: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China; Corresponding authors.
Xiaoguang Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
Yao Guo: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
Xinran Zhu: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
Hefu Li: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
Chenglin Bai: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communications Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 61
p. 107761

Abstract

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We generalize the density-matrix formalism to provide a simple and unified framework for the study of modal dispersion (MD), mode-dependent loss (MDL) and noise in mode-division-multiplexing communication systems. Fundamental concepts and formulas in the original formalism are generalized, while new elements and associated equations are introduced and/or derived. Due to the ability of the density operator to characterize partially-coherent fields, the generalized density-matrix formalism is particularly useful for analyzing the field propagation in presence of noise. Combining the unified density-matrix formalism and the stochastic-process theory, we conduct detailed numerical simulation and analysis on the modal properties of a randomly-perturbed 6-mode fiber with loss and noise. We find that although the MDL only slightly affects the statistics of the group delays, it can cause significant non-orthogonality among the principal modes, which might induce extra crosstalk and temporal spreading in the signal pulses. Furthermore, with the coherency of fields in the fiber being reduced by the noise, the MDL can induce substantial fluctuation in the field coherency even though it does not significantly affect the averaged field coherency.

Published in Results in Physics

ISSN: 2211-3797 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science: Physics
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/results-in-physics/

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