Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling

Abstract

Purpose: In application of hexagonal shapes, engineers and researchers use mathematical modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental techniques to study natural convection inside hexagonal cavities and improve the design and efficiency of engineering systems. The exploration of fluid performance in hexagonal cavity has been an important problem from the earlier in the fluid mechanics field. The present transient study about thermal reaction and behavior of natural convectional MWCNT-water nanofluid flow privileged a hexagonal cavity in the occurrence of magnetic field is scrutinized. The flow domain of hexagonal structure cavity is a partitioned with lower heated cavity wall and inner four blocks are also heated. The upper wall of the cavity is considered insulated. Furthermore the other remaining walls of the hexagonal cavity are cold. Approach: The two-dimensional steady, incompressible, governing equations which involve continuity, velocity, and temperature equations of mono nanofluid in a dimensionless form are expressed in vertically and horizontal directions respectively. Moreover, transformed the governing equations into their dimensionless system then elucidated numerically with the help of Galerkin Finite Element Method. Furthermore response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to obtaining the optimal values of the designed parameters. This combined process was successfully sculpted and optimized utilized a central composite design with response surface methodology. Findings: The numerical fallouts of the flow controlling parameters scrutinized containing streamlines, velocities components and isotherms are elaborated. The investigation depicts enhanced convection velocity and temperature outcomes for different values of Rayleigh number. The average Nusselt number is drops as Rayleigh number boosts up. It is concluded that the Nusselt number is reduces for Hartmann number. For larger nanoparticles fraction Nusselt number increases. Limitations: This analysis has particular scope for improvement. In additions, studies can be showed on the improvement of hexagonal cavity walls designs, thickness, and size of the walls of enclosure cavity. Furthermore the heated blocks are involved inside the cavity. Practical application: The natural convection flow through hexagonal cavity reveals major importance and those geometrical shapes are playing major role in electronic cooling. In electronics, hexagonal cavities can be found in heat sinks and electronic packages. Natural convection plays a crucial role in dissipating heat from electronic devices, such as microprocessors, power electronics, and LED lighting systems. Nanofluids exhibit potential heat transfer as compared to conventional coolants. With this aim, the current analysis enlightens the natural convection flow of MWCNTs-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity and square-shaped blocks. Originality: This analysis is original, and no previous investigation has been accompanied considering the enclosure domain of cavity and variation of the walls number.

Keywords

• Blocks
• Mono nanofluid
• MWCNT
• RSM
• Galerkin finite element method (GFEM)
• Hexagonal cavity