Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Cavity Anatomical Variants Evaluation in Adult Karachi Population, A CBCT Based Analysis

Abstract

Objective: To determine the common anatomical variants of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity on cone beam computed tomography. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Anatomy and Radiology Department of Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, from 11 Nov 2022 till 22 Nov 2023. Materials and Methods: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 353 adults were evaluated retrospectively, who had scan for sinusitis for anatomical variations of maxillary sinus and nasal anatomy were included in study. Data analysis was done by SPSS v27. Results: There were 52% male and 48% female patients, with the majority (43.5%) being in the 26–35 age range. During the course of our investigation, we discovered that 27.8% of patients had a right deviated nasal septum with chonca bullosa, 25.5% had a left deviated nasal septum, and 19.9% had a nasal septal spine. In contrast, 56.3% of patients had hyper pneumatize maxillary sinuses, and 29.3% had hypoplasia of the maxillary sinuses. Anatomical variations in the nasal cavity were significantly associated with age (p = 0.001) and gender (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Based on our findings, although there was no significant association detected between the anatomical variations in the maxillary sinus and age (p = 0.641). The anatomical variation from the study's results of the nasal cavity is a deviated nasal septum on the right side, followed by a deviated nasal septum on the left, and that the most common variation in the maxillary sinus is hyper pneumatize maxillary sinus, which was followed by hypoplasia.

Keywords

• anatomical variation
• cone-beam computed tomography
• maxillary sinus.