Impact of different dose reduction criteria for anti‐Xa direct oral anticoagulants on bleeding complications: A single center observational study

Abstract

Abstract Background Each direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) has different dose reduction criteria. Here, we evaluated the differences in the doses of three anti‐Xa DOACs and clinical events based on the dose reduction criteria in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Consecutive AF patients prescribed with anti‐Xa DOACs [rivaroxaban (Riva), apixaban (Apix), and edoxaban (Edox)] between April 2011 and May 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. The incidences of thromboembolic and bleeding events were evaluated by the end of December 2020, focusing on the dose proportion. Results A total of 786 patients (72 ± 10 years old, 66.9% male) were enrolled in this study [Riva (n = 337), Apix (n = 239), and Edox (n = 210)]. The proportion of reduced dose prescriptions was significantly greater for Edox (79.2%) than Riva (38.7%) or Apix (31.9%). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the incidence of minor bleeding was significantly higher in the Apix than other groups (p < .001), even after propensity score matching. The standard dose of Apix had significantly higher bleeding events than the other DOACs (p < .001). Moreover, 23.2% and 51.6% of the patients with a standard dose of Apix were fulfilled with the dose reduction criteria for Riva and Edox and had more minor bleeding events than the unfulfilled ones (p = .046). Conclusions The patients with a standard dose of Apix had a higher incidence of minor bleeding events than the other dosages. A reduced dose of apixaban was not prone to being chosen because of the dose reduction criteria, which may have been associated with a higher minor bleeding rate in patients with Apix.

Keywords

• anti‐Xa direct oral anticoagulants
• atrial fibrillation
• bleeding complications
• dose reduction criteria