Masker Medika (Mar 2019)
HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR BAYI DAN USIA GESTASI DENGAN KEJADIAN IKTERUS NEONATORUM DI RS. MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG
Abstract
Ikterus merupakan salah satu kegawatan yang sering terjadi pada bayi baru lahir sebanyak 25-50 % pada bayi cukup bulan dan lebih tinggi lagi pada bayi kurang bulan (Rohani, 2017). Berdasarkan data rekam medik RS. Muhammadiyah Palembang jumlah neonatal yang mengalami ikterus pada tahun 2015 sebesar 67 kasus dari bayi 295 yang bermasalah, tahun 2016 sebesar 57 kasus dari 315 bayi yang bermasalah dan pada periode Januari – Desember 2017 sebesar 60 kasus dari 300 bayi yang bermasalah (Rekam MediK RSMP, 2017). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat badan bayi lahir dan usia gestasi dengan iketrus neonatorum di RS. Muhammadiyah Palembang. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan rancangan penelitian Case Control Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi baru lahir yang dirawat diruang perinatal RS Muhammadiyah dengan periode 1 Januari s.d 31 Desember 2017. Sampel penelitian yaitu kasus : kontrol perbandingan 1 : 1. Subjek Penelitian kasus yaitu bayi ikterus neonatorum berjumlah 40 bayi dan kontrol yaitu bayi baru lahir normal berjumlah 40 bayi.. Tehnik Pengambilan sampel secara systematic random sampling. Analisa yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square. Berdasarkan analisa univariat didapatkan ikterus neonatorum berjumlah 40 responden dan bayi baru lahir normal 40 responden, Berat badan lahir bayi normal 68 (85%), BBLR 12 (15%), usia gestasi aterm 66 (82,5%), preterm 9 (11,3%), dan posterm 5 (6,3%). Berdasarkan analisa bivariat didapatkan hasil tidak terdapat hubungan antara berat badan lahir bayi dengan ikterus neonatorum di RS. Muhammadiyah Palembang dengan p value = 0,531, dan tidak ada hubungan usia gestasi dengan ikterus neonatorum di RS. Muhammadiyah Palembang dengan p value = 0,069. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memberikan upaya preventif untuk mengurangi angka kejadian ikterus neonatorum. Ikterus is one of the most frequent occurrences in newborns as much as 25-50% in term infants and is higher in less-term infants (Rohani, 2017). Based on medical record data of Muhammadiyah hospital.Palembang, the number of neonatal who experienced jaundice in 2015 amounted to 67 cases of 295 babies who had problems, in 2016 amounted to 57 cases of 315 babies who had problems and in the period of January - December 2017 amounted to 60 cases of 300 babies who were in trouble (Medicl Record of RSMP, 2017 ). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between babies’ birth weight and gestational age with ikterus neonatorum at Muhammadiyah hospital. Palembang. The design of this study used analytical survey method with Case Control research design. This study used secondary data. The population in this study were all newborn babies who were treated in the perinatal room of Muhammadiyah Hospital with a period of January 1 to December 31, 2017. The study samples were cases: comparison control 1: 1. Study subjects were ikterus neonatorum babies amounted to 40 babies and controls were newborn babies normal amounted to 40 babies. Samples collecting technique by systematic random sampling. The analysis used univariate and bivariate by Chi-Square test. Based on univariate analysis obtained ikterus neonatorum was 40 respondents and normal newborn babies were 40 respondents, normal birth weight babies were 68 (85%), low birth weight were 12 (15%), aterm gestational age were 66 (82.5%), preterm were 9 (11 , 3%), and posterm were 5 (6.3%). Based on bivariate analysis, it was obtained that there was no relationship between babies’ birth weight with ikterus neonatorum at Muhammadiyah hospital Palembang with p value = 0.531, and there was no relationship between gestational age and ikterus neonatorum at Muhammadiyah hospitals Palembang with p value = 0.069. It is suggested to health workers to provide preventive efforts to reduce the incidence of ikterus neonatorum.
