The Cryosphere (May 2019)
initMIP-Antarctica: an ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6
- H. Seroussi,
- S. Nowicki,
- E. Simon,
- A. Abe-Ouchi,
- T. Albrecht,
- J. Brondex,
- S. Cornford,
- C. Dumas,
- F. Gillet-Chaulet,
- H. Goelzer,
- H. Goelzer,
- N. R. Golledge,
- J. M. Gregory,
- R. Greve,
- M. J. Hoffman,
- A. Humbert,
- A. Humbert,
- P. Huybrechts,
- T. Kleiner,
- E. Larour,
- G. Leguy,
- W. H. Lipscomb,
- D. Lowry,
- M. Mengel,
- M. Morlighem,
- F. Pattyn,
- A. J. Payne,
- D. Pollard,
- S. F. Price,
- A. Quiquet,
- T. J. Reerink,
- T. J. Reerink,
- R. Reese,
- C. B. Rodehacke,
- C. B. Rodehacke,
- N.-J. Schlegel,
- A. Shepherd,
- S. Sun,
- J. Sutter,
- J. Sutter,
- J. Van Breedam,
- R. S. W. van de Wal,
- R. S. W. van de Wal,
- R. Winkelmann,
- R. Winkelmann,
- T. Zhang
Affiliations
- H. Seroussi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- S. Nowicki
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- E. Simon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- A. Abe-Ouchi
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- T. Albrecht
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- J. Brondex
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
- S. Cornford
- Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- C. Dumas
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- F. Gillet-Chaulet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
- H. Goelzer
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- H. Goelzer
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- N. R. Golledge
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- J. M. Gregory
- National Center for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- R. Greve
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- M. J. Hoffman
- Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- A. Humbert
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- A. Humbert
- Department of Geoscience, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- P. Huybrechts
- Earth System Science & Departement Geografie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- T. Kleiner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- E. Larour
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- G. Leguy
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- W. H. Lipscomb
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- D. Lowry
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- M. Mengel
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- M. Morlighem
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- F. Pattyn
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- A. J. Payne
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- D. Pollard
- Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- S. F. Price
- Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- A. Quiquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- T. J. Reerink
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- T. J. Reerink
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
- R. Reese
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- C. B. Rodehacke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- C. B. Rodehacke
- Danish Meteorological Institute, Arctic and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark
- N.-J. Schlegel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- A. Shepherd
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- S. Sun
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- J. Sutter
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- J. Sutter
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- J. Van Breedam
- Earth System Science & Departement Geografie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- R. S. W. van de Wal
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- R. S. W. van de Wal
- Geosciences, Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- R. Winkelmann
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- R. Winkelmann
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Potsdam, Germany
- T. Zhang
- Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1441-2019
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
pp. 1441 – 1471
Abstract
Ice sheet numerical modeling is an important tool to estimate the dynamic contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise over the coming centuries. The influence of initial conditions on ice sheet model simulations, however, is still unclear. To better understand this influence, an initial state intercomparison exercise (initMIP) has been developed to compare, evaluate, and improve initialization procedures and estimate their impact on century-scale simulations. initMIP is the first set of experiments of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6), which is the primary Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) activity focusing on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Following initMIP-Greenland, initMIP-Antarctica has been designed to explore uncertainties associated with model initialization and spin-up and to evaluate the impact of changes in external forcings. Starting from the state of the Antarctic ice sheet at the end of the initialization procedure, three forward experiments are each run for 100 years: a control run, a run with a surface mass balance anomaly, and a run with a basal melting anomaly beneath floating ice. This study presents the results of initMIP-Antarctica from 25 simulations performed by 16 international modeling groups. The submitted results use different initial conditions and initialization methods, as well as ice flow model parameters and reference external forcings. We find a good agreement among model responses to the surface mass balance anomaly but large variations in responses to the basal melting anomaly. These variations can be attributed to differences in the extent of ice shelves and their upstream tributaries, the numerical treatment of grounding line, and the initial ocean conditions applied, suggesting that ongoing efforts to better represent ice shelves in continental-scale models should continue.
