Scope and limitations of a DMF bio-alternative within Sonogashira cross-coupling and Cacchi-type annulation

Abstract

Pd-catalysed C–C bond formation is an essential tool within the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Many of these reactions rely heavily on polar aprotic solvents; however, despite their utility, these solvents are incompatible with the drive towards more sustainable chemical synthesis. Herein, we describe the scope and limitations of an alternative to DMF derived from renewable sources (CyreneTM) in Sonogashira cross-coupling and Cacchi-type annulations.

Keywords

• Cacchi annulation
• cross-coupling
• heterocycles
• Sonogashira
• sustainable solvent