Unexpected phenotype in a frameshift mutation of PTCH1

Abstract

Abstract Background Gorlin syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition, characterized by the presence of multiple basal cell carcinomas at a young age, odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal anomalies, macrocephaly, and dysmorphisms. BCNS is mainly caused by mutations in PTCH1, an onco‐suppressor gene that maps at 9q22.3 region. A disease related to BCNS is the 9q22.3 microdeletion syndrome. This condition has an overlapping clinical phenotype with the BCNS, but it can present in addition: metopic craniosynostosis, overgrowth, obstructive hydrocephalus, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. This syndrome is caused by the deletion of a genomic region containing the PTCH1 and the FANCC. Methods and Results We report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl that came to our attention for overgrowth, dysmorphic features of the face, and craniosynostosis, but with a normal intellectual and motor development. At first we performed an array‐comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis. The analysis showed no copy number changes. Then, we performed the analysis of the PTCH1 by next‐generation sequencing. This analysis showed a heterozygous frameshift mutation. Conclusion This is the first case with a PTCH1 point mutation with a 9q22.3 microdeletion syndrome phenotype. This finding may strengthen the importance of the role of the PTCH1, especially regarding the metopic craniosynostosis.

Keywords

• 9q22.3 microdeletion syndrome
• craniosynostosis
• Gorlin syndrome
• PTCH1