HYDROGEN ENERGY RENEWABLE CURRENT SOURCES

Abstract

The analytical overview of hydrogen energy renewable power sources is presented. The main experimental developments performed at Moscow University for the development of new efficient materials and devices for alternative energy are described. To date, the problem of energy-saving technologies creating is one of the main tasks of modern industrial society. Progress in the development of hydrogen technologies has demonstrated that the hydrogen and hydrogen-containing fuels application leads to qualitatively new energy systems performance. In this regard, the article identifies the main types of electric energy storage by hydrogen, their advantages and development perspectives. The main types of batteries, their structure and classification are considered. The problems of integration of renewable energy into the electrical grid, technical and economic aspects are described. The main nanotechnological transformation projects, energy storage and energy saving are presented. Researchers worldwide actively working on design of chemical sources of energy, which is a electrochemical device to convert the free energy of a chemical reaction into electrical energy. One of these sources of energy are fuel cells. The main attention is given to the consideration of the operation principles of chemical power sources, particularly hydrogen-air fuel cells with solid polymer electrolyte. As fuel one can use hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, bio-fuel, as an oxidizing agent - oxygen in the air. The fuel cell can produce electrical energy continuously as the fuel and oxidant are flowing. The key part of a fuel cell - a membrane-electrode unit - its structure and design is considered. The prospects of hydrogen energy development of renewable power sources are indicated.

Keywords

• hydrogen energy
• power sources
• fuel cells