Evaluation of Techniques for Intensifying the Process of the Alcoholic Extraction of Coffee Ground Oil Using Ultrasound and a Pressurized Solvent
Tatiane Akemi Toda,
Ana Julia Morelli Santana,
Julieta Adriana Ferreira,
Eliria Maria de Jesus Agnolon Pallone,
Claudio Lima de Aguiar,
Christianne Elisabete da Costa Rodrigues
Affiliations
Tatiane Akemi Toda
Laboratório de Engenharia de Separações (LES), Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos (ZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 23, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
Ana Julia Morelli Santana
Laboratório de Engenharia de Separações (LES), Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos (ZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 23, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
Julieta Adriana Ferreira
Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas (ZEB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 23, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
Eliria Maria de Jesus Agnolon Pallone
Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas (ZEB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 23, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
Claudio Lima de Aguiar
Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
Christianne Elisabete da Costa Rodrigues
Laboratório de Engenharia de Separações (LES), Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos (ZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 23, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) techniques were evaluated and compared with conventional extraction for obtaining spent coffee ground oil (SCGO). The use of absolute ethanol (ET0) and hydrated ethanol (ET6) as solvents, two levels of SCG mass ratio:solvent, 1:4 (U4) and 1:15 (U15), and ultrasound powers of 0, 200, 400, and 600 W were tested. ET0 and U15 resulted in higher extraction yields of SCGO (YSCGO, 82%). A positive effect of sonication on YSCGO was observed only for condition U4. UAE resulted in defatted solids (DS) with higher apparent density values, corroborating the increase in the amount of smaller diameter particles due to sonication. The micrographs showed changes in the surfaces of the solids from the UAE and PLE, although the crystalline structures of the DS were not altered. UAE and PLE, compared to conventional extraction, did not allow significant gains in terms of YSCGO and, consequently, in the number of contact stages in an extractor configured in cross-currents.
