The Role of the Sweet Taste Receptor in Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic β-Cells

Abstract

The sweet taste receptor is expressed in taste cells located in taste buds of the tongue. This receptor senses sweet substances in the oral cavity, activates taste cells, and transmits the taste signals to adjacent neurons. The sweet taste receptor is a heterodimer of two G protein-coupled receptors, T1R2 and T1R3. Recent studies have shown that this receptor is also expressed in the extragustatory system, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic β-cells, and glucose-responsive neurons in the brain. In the intestine, the sweet taste receptor regulates secretion of incretin hormones and glucose uptake from the lumen. In β-cells, activation of the sweet taste receptor leads to stimulation of insulin secretion. Collectively, the sweet taste receptor plays an important role in recognition and metabolism of energy sources in the body.

Keywords

• β-cell
• Calcium
• Cyclic AMP
• Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
• Glucagon-like peptide-1
• Glucose incretin
• Glucose transporter
• Insulin
• Sweet taste receptor