теорія та практика дизайну (Dec 2019)
Ergonomic design standards: harmonization with international and European
Abstract
The authors notes that the current format for creating new types of marketable products requires a rethinking of the basic approaches and criteria of design-ergonomic designing, adapting with modern international and European standards. And the transition to the principles of voluntariness in the use of regulatory requirements requires a change in the principles of their application in design activities. The article proves that without realization of design-ergonomic standards, harmonized with the international and European, world, in particular, the European market, for domestic commodity products will be closed, it will be impossible to create modern conditions of human life. From these positions the content and specificity of the main set of international and European standards, harmonized and included in the national regulatory framework and currently in force in Ukraine, are analysed. In particular, to consider standards developed by the EU Directives, which set design-ergonomic indicators and standards for the following processes and products in its designing, manufacture, operation and disposal, namely: standards for human anthropometric parameters required for the design of jobs, dimensions of openings for access to equipment, safe distances, etc. standards for standardization of workplace parameters, principles, recommendations and requirements for their designing; standards for regulating the parameters of the working environment, especially the environment of control centres, (requirements for thermal, lighting, acoustic components, etc.); standards of functional zones of control centres, their planning; standards for design-ergonomic requirements for the designs of indicators and controls, principles for human interaction with information display and controls; international standards harmonized with national standards, which establish the design-ergonomic principles of designing work equipment, work systems; a large set of standards for audio and visual danger signals, creation of sign information, guidelines for the design of signs, their colours, criteria for the perception of visual signals, video terminals, requirements for danger signals for public areas and work places, etc. The scope of the main groups of international and European standards, harmonized and in force in Ukraine, is also analysed.
Keywords
