A systemic review of ginseng and its activity on coronary heart disease

Abstract

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, highlighting the need for effective therapeutic strategies. This systematic review evaluates the cardioprotective mechanisms of ginseng and its potential as a complementary or adjunctive therapy in the prevention and management of CHD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in major databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar) following PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant preclinical and clinical studies investigating ginseng's effects on CHD and associated cardiovascular conditions. Studies reporting positive outcomes related to the cardioprotective properties of ginseng or its active compounds were included for analysis. Results: Ginseng and its bioactive constituents, especially ginsenosides, exhibit diverse cardioprotective mechanisms in CHD, including vasodilation, hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic effects, anti- atherosclerotic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and various other molecular mechanism proven by preclinical and clinical studies that demonstrates ginseng can mitigates myocardial ischemia, improves cardiac contractility, and regulates blood pressure, lipid profiles, thrombus formation and glycemic control. Discussion: Ginseng represents a promising natural therapeutic for CHD management due to its well-established safety profile and diverse cardioprotective properties targeting multiple pathways involved in disease pathophysiology. Although, more robust clinical evidence is needed. Integrating Ginseng into conventional treatment regimens, guided by scientific research, could enhance CHD management and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords

• Ginseng
• Ginsenosides
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Natural therapeutics