<i>Cynanchum auriculatum</i> Royle ex Wight., <i>Cynanchum bungei</i> Decne. and <i>Cynanchum wilfordii</i> (Maxim.) Hemsl.: Current Research and Prospects
Lu Wang,
Fujie Cai,
Wei Zhao,
Jinli Tian,
Degang Kong,
Xiaohui Sun,
Qing Liu,
Yueru Chen,
Ying An,
Fulin Wang,
Xue Liu,
Yi Wu,
Honglei Zhou
Affiliations
Lu Wang
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Fujie Cai
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Wei Zhao
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Jinli Tian
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Degang Kong
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Xiaohui Sun
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Qing Liu
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Yueru Chen
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Ying An
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Fulin Wang
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Xue Liu
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Yi Wu
Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Honglei Zhou
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight. (CA), Cynanchum bungei Decne. (CB) and Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. (CW) are three close species belonging to the Asclepiadaceous family, and their dry roots as the bioactive part have been revealed to exhibit anti-tumor, neuroprotection, organ protection, reducing liver lipid and blood lipid, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. Until 2021, phytochemistry investigations have uncovered 232 compounds isolated from three species, which could be classified into C21-steroids, acetophenones, terpenoids, and alkaloids. In this review, the morphology characteristics, species identification, and the relationship of botany, extraction, and the separation of chemical constituents, along with the molecular mechanism and pharmacokinetics of bioactive constituents of three species, are summarized for the first time, and their phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical safety are also updated. Moreover, the direction and limitation of current research on three species is also discussed.
