Current and Emerging Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma: An Updated Review

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy of the bile ducts that is often associated with late diagnosis, poor overall survival, and limited treatment options. The standard of care therapy for cholangiocarcinoma has been cytotoxic chemotherapy with modest improvements in overall survival with the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The discovery of actionable mutations has led to the advent of targeted therapies against FGFR and IDH-1, which has expanded the treatment landscape for this patient population. Significant efforts have been made in the pre-clinical space to explore novel immunotherapeutic approaches, as well as antibody–drug conjugates. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of treatment options, as well as promising future therapeutic targets.

Keywords

• hepatobiliary malignancy
• gallbladder cancer
• cholangiocarcinoma
• biomarker
• targeted therapy