Hybrid materials for the removal of emerging pollutants in water: classification, synthesis, and properties

Abstract

In recent years, different approaches for achieve the removal of Contaminant of Emerging Concerns (CECs) from aqueous matrices were developed. Within this framework, the synthesis of new hybrid materials capable to combine different processes, such as photocatalysis, adsorption and enzyme catalysis, is an important issue. Therefore, to enhance performances and efficiency, and to reduce costs and environmental impact of these processes, different reusable materials were synthesized and tested towards both natural and spiked water matrices containing organic and inorganic pollutants. The aim of this review is to highlight the main strategies employed, to summarize the properties of these materials, and critically analyse their strengths and weaknesses.

Keywords

• Emerging pollutant
• CECs
• Hybrid material
• Enzyme
• Nanoflowers
• Biopolymers