Phytochemical Characterization of <i>Dillenia indica</i> L. Bark by Paper Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Potential Against t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells

Md Badrul Alam; Arif Ahmed; Syful Islam; Hee-Jeong Choi; Md Abdul Motin; Sunghwan Kim; Sang-Han Lee

doi:10.3390/antiox9111099

Antioxidants (Nov 2020)

Phytochemical Characterization of <i>Dillenia indica</i> L. Bark by Paper Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Potential Against t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells

Md Badrul Alam,
Arif Ahmed,
Syful Islam,
Hee-Jeong Choi,
Md Abdul Motin,
Sunghwan Kim,
Sang-Han Lee

Affiliations

Md Badrul Alam: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Arif Ahmed: Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Syful Islam: Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Hee-Jeong Choi: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Md Abdul Motin: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Sunghwan Kim: Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Sang-Han Lee: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111099
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9, no. 11
p. 1099

Abstract

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The antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Dillenia indica bark (DIBEt) and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-stimulated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. Paper spray ionization-mass spectroscopy with positive-ion mode tentatively revealed 27 secondary metabolites in D. indica bark extract; predominant among them were alkaloids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. A new triterpenoid (nutriacholic acid) was confirmed in DIBEt for the first time. DIBEt had strong free radical-scavenging capabilities and was also able to reduce t-BHP-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW 264.7 cells. DIBEt was found to prevent oxidative stress by boosting the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through the up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via the regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. These results support the potential of DIBEt for defense against oxidative stress-stimulated diseases.

Published in Antioxidants

ISSN: 2076-3921 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants

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