Prediabetes: A High-Risk Condition for Developing Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce adequate insulin, whereas in type 2 diabetes, insulin production may be insufficient, or the body becomes resistant to its effects. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy due to reduced insulin sensitivity. The prevalence of diabetes has been rising globally, especially in developed countries, driven by factors such as obesity, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and genetic predisposition. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance. Furthermore, diabetes is associated with various complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Type 2 diabetes often leads to severe long-term health consequences, including heart attacks, strokes, and limb amputations. In children and young adults, the progression of type 2 diabetes is more rapid and can lead to early-onset complications. Prediabetes, characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, serves as an early warning for diabetes and is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Early detection and lifestyle modifications, such as improved diet and increased physical activity, are crucial for preventing the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. While diabetes remains a significant public health and economic burden, preventive measures and early intervention can help reduce its incidence and related complications.

Keywords

• prediabetes
• risk factors
• complications