Visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization: a catalyst-free synthetic approach to trifluoromethylated heterocycles

Abstract

A visible-light-promoted research protocol for constructing dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indolone skeletons is herein described proceeding through a cascade cyclization mediated by trifluoromethyl radicals. This method allows the efficient synthesis of various indole derivatives without the need of photocatalysts or transition-metal catalysts. Mechanism experiments indicate that the process involves a radical chain process initiated by the homolysis of Umemoto's reagent. This straightforward method enables a rapid access to heterocycles containing a trifluoromethyl group.

Keywords

• cascade reaction
• indole derivatives
• photocatalysis
• radical chain process
• trifluoromethylation