The Theory of the Four Illusions of the Thinker Francis Bacon A Critical Study in the Light of Islam

Abstract

Scientific research has many approaches to reaching correct knowledge and actual sciences. The most prominent approach was the experimental approach, which helps in build civilisations, using observation and experimentation to reach accurate results and to know the proper ways to deal with and explain phenomena. Therefore, this research includes the most crucial method which is the experimental method. Specifically, the most important modern theories are the four delusions of Francis Bacon and their criticism through an Islamic vision based on evidence and proof. As a result, it was found that the most essential theories of Francis Bacon are the mind’s criticism theory, the four delusions theory, which is based on the mind’s criticism theory, and the theory of material understanding of nature. The latter is closely related to the four delusions that Bacon fought because they hinder the mind from achieving the truth, which are the illusions of the tribe, the illusions of the cave, the illusions of the market, and the illusions of the theater, and by looking at them from a legal perspective, it is clear that ignorance and whim are the basis for man’s deviation from the truth. It is recommended to conduct scientific studies between Ibn Taymiyyah as an Islamic thinker and Francis Bacon as a Western thinker. Also, more research and studies should be conducted on the curricula of Western thinkers.