Journal of Personalized Medicine (Jun 2023)
Precision Medicine for More Oxygen (P4O2)—Study Design and First Results of the Long COVID-19 Extension
- Nadia Baalbaki,
- Jelle M. Blankestijn,
- Mahmoud I. Abdel-Aziz,
- Jan de Backer,
- Somayeh Bazdar,
- Inés Beekers,
- Rosanne J. H. C. G. Beijers,
- Joop P. van den Bergh,
- Lizan D. Bloemsma,
- Harm Jan Bogaard,
- Job J. M. H. van Bragt,
- Vera van den Brink,
- Jean Paul Charbonnier,
- Merel E. B. Cornelissen,
- Yennece Dagelet,
- Elin Haf Davies,
- Anne M. van der Does,
- George S. Downward,
- Cornelis M. van Drunen,
- Debbie Gach,
- J. J. Miranda Geelhoed,
- Jorrit Glastra,
- Kornel Golebski,
- Irene H. Heijink,
- Judith C. S. Holtjer,
- Sebastiaan Holverda,
- Laura Houweling,
- John J. L. Jacobs,
- Renée Jonker,
- Renate Kos,
- Ramon C. J. Langen,
- Ivo van der Lee,
- Asabi Leliveld,
- Firdaus A. A. Mohamed Hoesein,
- Anne H. Neerincx,
- Lieke Noij,
- Johan Olsson,
- Marianne van de Pol,
- Simon D. Pouwels,
- Emiel Rolink,
- Michael Rutgers,
- Havva Șahin,
- Daphne Schaminee,
- Annemie M. W. J. Schols,
- Lisanne Schuurman,
- Gitte Slingers,
- Olie Smeenk,
- Brigitte Sondermeijer,
- Paul J. Skipp,
- Marisca Tamarit,
- Inge Verkouter,
- Roel Vermeulen,
- Rianne de Vries,
- Els J. M. Weersink,
- Marco van de Werken,
- Yolanda de Wit-van Wijck,
- Stewart Young,
- Esther J. Nossent,
- Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
Affiliations
- Nadia Baalbaki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Jelle M. Blankestijn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mahmoud I. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Jan de Backer
- Fluidda, Groeningenlei 132, 2550 Kontich, Belgium
- Somayeh Bazdar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inés Beekers
- ORTEC BV, Department of Health, Houtsingel 5, 2719 EA Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
- Rosanne J. H. C. G. Beijers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Joop P. van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Lizan D. Bloemsma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Job J. M. H. van Bragt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vera van den Brink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Jean Paul Charbonnier
- Thirona, Toernooiveld 300, 6525 EC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Merel E. B. Cornelissen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Yennece Dagelet
- Breathomix B.V., Bargelaan 200, 2333 CW Leiden, The Netherlands
- Elin Haf Davies
- Aparito Netherlands B.V., Galileiweg 8, BioPartner 3 Building, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands
- Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- George S. Downward
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cornelis M. van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Debbie Gach
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- J. J. Miranda Geelhoed
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Jorrit Glastra
- Quantib-U, Westblaak 106, 3012 KM Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Kornel Golebski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Judith C. S. Holtjer
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Sebastiaan Holverda
- Longfonds, Stationsplein 125, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Laura Houweling
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- John J. L. Jacobs
- ORTEC BV, Department of Health, Houtsingel 5, 2719 EA Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
- Renée Jonker
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Renate Kos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ramon C. J. Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Ivo van der Lee
- Department of Pulmonology, Spaarne Hospital, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Asabi Leliveld
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Firdaus A. A. Mohamed Hoesein
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Anne H. Neerincx
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lieke Noij
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Johan Olsson
- Smartfish AS, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Marianne van de Pol
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Simon D. Pouwels
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Emiel Rolink
- Long Alliantie Nederland, Address Stationsplein 125, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Michael Rutgers
- Longfonds, Stationsplein 125, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Havva Șahin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Daphne Schaminee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Lisanne Schuurman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Gitte Slingers
- Breathomix B.V., Bargelaan 200, 2333 CW Leiden, The Netherlands
- Olie Smeenk
- Sodaq, Bussumerstraat 34, 1211 BL Hilversum, The Netherlands
- Brigitte Sondermeijer
- Department of Pulmonology, Spaarne Hospital, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Paul J. Skipp
- TopMD Precision Medicine Ltdincorporated, Southhampton SO45 3PN, UK
- Marisca Tamarit
- Breathomix B.V., Bargelaan 200, 2333 CW Leiden, The Netherlands
- Inge Verkouter
- ORTEC BV, Department of Health, Houtsingel 5, 2719 EA Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
- Roel Vermeulen
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rianne de Vries
- Breathomix B.V., Bargelaan 200, 2333 CW Leiden, The Netherlands
- Els J. M. Weersink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Marco van de Werken
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Yolanda de Wit-van Wijck
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stewart Young
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, 4646 AG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Esther J. Nossent
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071060
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 7
p. 1060
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the death of almost 7 million people, however, with a cumulative incidence of 0.76 billion, most people survive COVID-19. Several studies indicate that the acute phase of COVID-19 may be followed by persistent symptoms including fatigue, dyspnea, headache, musculoskeletal symptoms, and pulmonary functional-and radiological abnormalities. However, the impact of COVID-19 on long-term health outcomes remains to be elucidated. Aims: The Precision Medicine for more Oxygen (P4O2) consortium COVID-19 extension aims to identify long COVID patients that are at risk for developing chronic lung disease and furthermore, to identify treatable traits and innovative personalized therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment. This study aims to describe the study design and first results of the P4O2 COVID-19 cohort. Methods: The P4O2 COVID-19 study is a prospective multicenter cohort study that includes nested personalized counseling intervention trial. Patients, aged 40–65 years, were recruited from outpatient post-COVID clinics from five hospitals in The Netherlands. During study visits at 3–6 and 12–18 months post-COVID-19, data from medical records, pulmonary function tests, chest computed tomography scans and biological samples were collected and questionnaires were administered. Furthermore, exposome data was collected at the patient’s home and state-of-the-art imaging techniques as well as multi-omics analyses will be performed on collected data. Results: 95 long COVID patients were enrolled between May 2021 and September 2022. The current study showed persistence of clinical symptoms and signs of pulmonary function test/radiological abnormalities in post-COVID patients at 3–6 months post-COVID. The most commonly reported symptoms included respiratory symptoms (78.9%), neurological symptoms (68.4%) and fatigue (67.4%). Female sex and infection with the Delta, compared with the Beta, SARS-CoV-2 variant were significantly associated with more persisting symptom categories. Conclusions: The P4O2 COVID-19 study contributes to our understanding of the long-term health impacts of COVID-19. Furthermore, P4O2 COVID-19 can lead to the identification of different phenotypes of long COVID patients, for example those that are at risk for developing chronic lung disease. Understanding the mechanisms behind the different phenotypes and identifying these patients at an early stage can help to develop and optimize prevention and treatment strategies.
Keywords